Absorption: draining of ink vehicle into paper, leaving the pigment on the surface

Accordion Fold: folded two or more times in a parallel direction

Acid Papers: papers manufactured to a pH above 7.0 using clay as the primary filler & alum rosin sizing. Because of the acidity, these papers are not as longlasting as alkaline (acid-free) papers

Additive Litho Plate: something must be added to the plate surface in order to develop the image

Adhesives: glues that bind coated paper ingredients together

Air Knife Coating: coating method wherein a thin blade of air is used to apply coating uniformly

Alkaline Papers: permanent papers (pH 7.5 - 8.2)

Alum: aluminum sulfate, an acid salt

Anodized: grained

Anti-Offset Spray: powder which creates a gap between sheets of paper

Antique Finish: toothy, open texture; hand-crafted look

Applicator Roll Streaks: streaks on coated paper caused by interrupted coating flow

Archival: containing no groundwood or optical brighteners; neutral pH or alkaline pH

Art Prep: steps involved in preparing art and copy

Back Trimming: cutting all edges of a sheet with the back (non-beveled) edge of the trimming knife

Backing Up: printing the opposite side of the sheet after the first has been printed

Backtrap Mottle: in multicolor printing, unset ink lifts onto the next printing blanket, causing a mottling of color

Barrel Fold: folded two or more times in the same direction (wraparound)

Basic Size: a standard predetermined size for a particular type of paper

Basis Weight Scale: instrument used to measure basis weight

Basis Weight: the weight in pounds of a predetermined number of sheets of a specific size

Binders: additives that increase strength, hardness; decreased surface fuzz

Binding: operations necessary for turning printed sheets into books, magazines, catalogs, etc

Black Liquor: spent cooking chemicals from the pulping process

Blade Coating: coating method which results in a very smooth surface

Blanket Smash: a compressed area on a blanket due to excessive pressure

Blanket Cylinder: carries the rubber blanket, which transfers the image to the paper

Blanket: intermediate between the plate and paper

Blanks and Boards: paperboards (over .012˝ thickness), produced on cylinder machines

Bleaching: stain removal to improve whiteness of pulp

Bleed: printed image extends past the trim edge of a sheet or page

Blistering: oval or round bubbles visible on coated web papers

Blocking: cementing together of printed sheets

Body: consistency; stiffness or softness

Bond: writing paper

Bowed Edges: convex or concave edges caused by a dull knife or uneven cutting pressure

Brightness: measurement of diffuse light reflection from a paper surface

Bristol: stiff, heavy papers characterized by bulk and strength; includes index and printing bristols

Brownstock Washing: in chemical pulping, separates fibers after cooking

Buckle: wave-like distortions near the spine of a book caused when signatures pick up moisture from air, glue, etc. (or) paper defect caused by hard calendering on one edge, making the paper thinner and longer which causes it to buckle when wound on a roll

Bursting Strength: the amount of uniformly applied pressure required to rupture a sheet of paper

C : hundred

Calcium Carbonate : primary filler used in alkaline paper making; limestone or chalk

Calender Cut : a cut occurring during the calendering process

Calender Spot : spot on paper caused by sticking to the calender roll

Calendering : mechanical treatment of a coated sheet which imparts smoothness and gloss; passing a sheet of paper through a series of alternating steel and cotton rolls in order to smooth the surface and control bulk

Caliper : thickness, bulk (measured in mils - thousandths of an inch)

“Can” Tack : ink tack rating marked on the can

Capsule Damage : unwanted release

Carbonless Papers : chemically coated so that duplicate copies can be produced without the use of carbons

Cast Coated : coated paper characterized by a highly polished, mirror-like surface and exceptional smoothness

Cast Coating : pressing a wet coated surface against a heated polished chromeplated dryer

Catalog Producer: printer of retail catalogs, newspaper inserts

CB (Coated Back) : top sheet in a carbonless form

CD-ROM : compact disk with read-only memory

Center Spread : a signature with its two center pages constituting the center of a magazine

CF (Coated Front) : receiver sheet in a carbonless form

CFB (Coated Front & Back) : intermediate sheets in a carbonless form

Chalking : printed image; can be easily rubbed off after the ink dries

Champion Doctor : method of coating paper

Chemi-Thermomechanical Pulp (CTMP) : a mechanical pulping process where chemicals and heat is added to soften lignin

Chemical Pulping : pulping process in which chips are cooked in a pressurized digester

Chemimechanical Pulping : combination of chemical and mechanical pulping processes; produces pulp high in strength and yield

Chill Roll : in web printing, sets the ink and cools the web CIC (common impression cylinder)

Clay : filler pigment used in coating paper

Coated Paper : paper composed of a base sheet covered on one or both sides with a finishing layer

Coated Groundwood : containing 10% or more mechanical pulp

Coated Blade Scratch : fine identation in the coating surface

Coated Free Sheet : containing 10% or less groundwood pulp

Coating Lump : hard, irregualrly shaped deposit of undispersed clay loosely embedded in the paper surface

Coating Scale : dried coating embedded in the sheet; deposits on blanket or plate

Coating Splash : wet coating splashed on a sheet of paper

Coating Streak : uneven distribution of coating

Cockling : tub sizing followed by drying

Collating : organizing parts of a job into a predetermined order

Color Copier : xerographic equipment that produces color prints

Color Correction : any method used to improve color rendition

Color Separation : dividing color originals into printing color components

Color Scanner : electronic device used in the making of color and tone-corrected separation of images

Commercial Printer : printer who has the capability to print a broad range of products for a varied market

Compressible Blanket : blanket containing air bubbles for smash resistance

Contact Screen : halftone screen

Contamination : surface dirt

Continuous Tone : image that contains gradient tones from black to white

Conventional Gummed Paper : wet gummed; glue is shiny in appearance

Cotton Content Bond : watermarked writing paper containing cotton fiber

Crash Sequence : carbonless set arranged in proper functional order

Creep : a problem experienced in thick saddle-stitched booklets which results in a page size difference from folding and wrapping around of the thick signatures

Cross Grain : the direction of paper at right angles to the machine direction

Crows Feet : mark found on cast coated paper where drum speed is increased with no change in coating viscosity

Curl : tendency of paper to bend rather than lie flat

Cutter Wrinkle : crease or fold caused by faulty cutting of paper

CWT : per hundred pounds

Cylinder Machine : papermaking machine which uses vats or cylinders to make multi-ply papers

Dampering System (Fountain System) : a system of rollers which wet all areas of the offset printing plate

Dandy Roll : a roll incorporating raised characters which are impressed on paper to form a watermark

Dandy Mark : surface dulling caused by uneven dandy roll pressure

Dandy Mark : surface dulling caused by uneven dandy roll pressure

Dandy Lick : dandy roll filled area; causes glazed spots on paper surface

Debarking :  removal of bark from logs

Deckle Edge : untrimmed, feathery edge formed by straps and water or air jets

Deckle : width of paper web; maximum trim

De-inking : process of removing ink and contaminants from waste paper

Delamination : peeling apart or separating from within

Dennison Wax Test : method that measures surface strength of paper

Densitometer : instrument used to measure and control the density of ink; in photography, measures density of photographic images or colors

Density : weight per unit volume

Diffuse Reflection : scattered reflected light; determines brightness

Digester : a stage in the papermaking process where unbleached pulp is cooked under pressure

Digital Camera : a camera that produces a direct digital image without the use of a scanner or film

Digital Proofing : electronic color proofing

Dimensional Stability : ability to maintain constant dimensions

Direct : purchase from the mill manufacturer

Directionality : the direction in which the fibers lie

Dispersion : in de-inking, kneading remaining ink particles until they are invisible

Doctor Blade : a device, which wipes excess ink off a printing cylinder; commonly found on Gravure presses

Docutech : xerographic equipment used for high-speed production of short-run manuals, books, etc.

Dot Gain : dots print larger than they should, causing darker tones and stronger colors

Dot Etching : alteration of halftone dot size for color correction purposes

Dot : single component of a printed halftone image

Drum Pick : a void in the surface of a cast coated paper caused by excessive drum temperature

Dry Trapping : printing one ink film over another that has already dried

Drying Section : the area of the paper machine where moisture content is reduced to the desired level

Dull Coated : little or no gloss; “sheen” rather than “shine”

Duotone : two-color halftone

Duplex : two sheets of paper stock laminated together

Duplexing : two-sided photocopying

Duplicator Paper : paper with a smooth, tight surface to be used on a spirit duplicating machine

Dusting : coating dust or filler, which builds on the blanket in the non-image area